MCQ 1: Basics of ComputersQuestion: What is the primary function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) To store data permanently
B) To process instructions from programs
C) To provide a user interface
D) To connect to the Internet Correct Answer: B) To process instructions from programs Explanation:
The CPU (Central Processing Unit), often called the "brain" of the computer, is responsible for executing instructions from programs by performing the basic operations of fetching, decoding, and executing commands.
- Option A is incorrect because permanent data storage is handled by secondary storage devices like hard drives or SSDs, not the CPU.
- Option C is incorrect as the user interface is provided by software (e.g., operating systems or applications), not the CPU.
- Option D is incorrect because Internet connectivity is managed by network devices like modems or routers, not the CPU.
Relevance for Exams: CPU-related questions are common, testing its role, components (e.g., ALU, Control Unit), or full form.\
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MCQ 2: Operating SystemsQuestion: Which of the following is an open-source operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Windows 10
B) macOS
C) Linux
D) iOS Correct Answer: C) Linux Explanation:
An open-source operating system allows users to access, modify, and distribute its source code freely. Linux is an open-source OS, with distributions like Ubuntu and Fedora widely used in servers and technical environments.
- Option A (Windows 10) is incorrect because it is a proprietary OS developed by Microsoft.
- Option B (macOS) is incorrect as it is proprietary, developed by Apple for its devices.
- Option D (iOS) is also incorrect, being a proprietary mobile OS by Apple.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on operating systems often test knowledge of types (open-source vs. proprietary), functions, or examples. Be familiar with Linux commands (e.g., ls, cp) for advanced questions.
MCQ 3: Internet and Its ServicesQuestion: What does the acronym HTTPS stand for in the context of Internet browsing?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
B) High Transfer Protocol System
C) Hyper Terminal Protocol Service
D) HyperText Transmission Protocol Standard Correct Answer: A) HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure Explanation:
HTTPS stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure, a secure version of HTTP used for communication between a web browser and a website. It uses encryption (e.g., SSL/TLS) to protect data, ensuring secure transactions like online banking or shopping.
- Option B is incorrect as it is a fabricated term and does not relate to Internet protocols.
- Option C is incorrect because it misrepresents the protocol’s name and function.
- Option D is incorrect as it inaccurately describes HTTP without the secure component.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on Internet protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP) and their full forms are frequent. Understanding the role of HTTPS in security is key.
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MCQ 4: Computer NetworkingQuestion: Which of the following network types spans a small geographical area, such as an office or building?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) WAN
B) LAN
C) MAN
D) PAN Correct Answer: B) LAN Explanation:
A LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a limited geographical area, such as an office, school, or home, using wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi) connections. It enables resource sharing like printers or files.
- Option A (WAN) is incorrect as it covers large areas, like cities or countries (e.g., the Internet).
- Option C (MAN) is incorrect because it spans a larger area, such as a city or campus.
- Option D (PAN) is incorrect as it is limited to personal devices (e.g., a smartphone and laptop connected via Bluetooth).
Relevance for Exams: Networking questions often test differences between LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN, or the functions of devices like routers and switches.
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MCQ 5: Basics of ComputersQuestion: Which of the following is a volatile memory?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) ROM
B) RAM
C) Hard Disk
D) Flash Memory Correct Answer: B) RAM Explanation:
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory, meaning it loses its data when the computer is powered off. It temporarily stores data for quick access by the CPU during program execution.
- Option A (ROM) is incorrect as it is non-volatile, retaining data even without power.
- Option C (Hard Disk) is incorrect as it is secondary storage, also non-volatile.
- Option D (Flash Memory) is incorrect as it is non-volatile, used in USB drives and SSDs.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on memory types (volatile vs. non-volatile, primary vs. secondary) are common.
MCQ 6: Basics of ComputersQuestion: What is the smallest unit of digital information in a computer?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Byte
B) Bit
C) Kilobyte
D) Nibble Correct Answer: B) Bit Explanation:
A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of digital information, represented as either 0 or 1. A byte consists of 8 bits, a nibble is 4 bits, and a kilobyte is 1024 bytes.
- Option A is incorrect as a byte is larger than a bit.
- Option C is incorrect as a kilobyte is a much larger unit.
- Option D is incorrect as a nibble is half a byte, not the smallest unit.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on data units (bit, byte, KB, MB) are frequently asked.
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MCQ 7: Operating SystemsQuestion: Which of the following is a function of an operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Designing web pages
B) Managing computer memory
C) Creating databases
D) Editing images Correct Answer: B) Managing computer memory Explanation:
An operating system (OS) manages hardware and software resources, including memory management (allocating and deallocating memory for processes), process management, file management, and device management.
- Option A is incorrect as web design is handled by specialized software, not the OS.
- Option C is incorrect as database creation is done by database management systems (e.g., MySQL).
- Option D is incorrect as image editing is performed by applications like Photoshop.
Relevance for Exams: OS functions are a key topic, often tested with examples or definitions.
MCQ 8: Operating SystemsQuestion: Which command is used to list files in a directory in Linux?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) dir
B) ls
C) list
D) cd Correct Answer: B) ls Explanation:
In Linux, the ls command is used to list files and directories in the current directory.
- Option A (dir) is incorrect as it is a Windows command for the same purpose.
- Option C (list) is incorrect as it is not a valid command in Linux.
- Option D (cd) is incorrect as it is used to change directories, not list files.
Relevance for Exams: Basic Linux and Windows commands are often tested in technical sections.
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MCQ 9: Internet and Its ServicesQuestion: Which protocol is used for sending emails?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SMTP
D) DNS Correct Answer: C) SMTP Explanation:
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails from a client to a server or between servers.
- Option A (HTTP) is incorrect as it is used for web browsing.
- Option B (FTP) is incorrect as it is used for file transfers.
- Option D (DNS) is incorrect as it resolves domain names to IP addresses.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on Internet protocols (SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP) are common.
MCQ 6: Internet and Its ServicesQuestion: What does the term URL stand for?
A) Uniform Resource Locator
B) Universal Reference Link
C) Uniform Retrieval Language
D) Universal Resource Language Correct Answer: A) Uniform Resource Locator Explanation:
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a resource on the Internet (e.g., https://www.example.com). It specifies the protocol (e.g., HTTP) and the location of the resource.
- Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they are fabricated terms not used in computing.
Relevance for Exams: Full forms like URL, HTTP, and DNS are frequently tested.
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MCQ 7: Computer NetworkingQuestion: Which device is used to connect multiple devices within a single network?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Router
B) Modem
C) Switch
D) Firewall Correct Answer: C) Switch Explanation:
A switch connects multiple devices (e.g., computers, printers) within a single network, such as a LAN, by forwarding data packets to the intended recipient.
- Option A (Router) is incorrect as it connects different networks (e.g., LAN to WAN).
- Option B (Modem) is incorrect as it converts signals for Internet connectivity.
- Option D (Firewall) is incorrect as it protects networks by controlling traffic, not connecting devices.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on networking devices (router, switch, hub, modem) are common.
MCQ 8: Computer NetworkingQuestion: Which of the following is a feature of IPv6 addressing?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) 32-bit address length
B) 128-bit address length
C) Uses decimal numbers
D) Limited to 4.3 billion addresses Correct Answer: B) 128-bit address length Explanation:
IPv6 uses a 128-bit address length, allowing a vast number of unique IP addresses to accommodate the growing number of devices.
- Option A is incorrect as 32-bit is used by IPv4.
- Option C is incorrect as IPv6 uses hexadecimal notation, not decimal.
- Option D is incorrect as it describes IPv4’s limitation, not IPv6.
Relevance for Exams: Questions on IP addressing (IPv4 vs. IPv6) are increasingly common.
MCQ 9: Internet and NetworkingQuestion: What is the primary function of a firewall in a network?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) To connect multiple networks
B) To protect against unauthorized access
C) To increase network speed
D) To store network data Correct Answer: B) To protect against unauthorized access Explanation:
A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined rules, protecting against unauthorized access and cyber threats.
- Option A is incorrect as connecting networks is the role of a router.
- Option C is incorrect as firewalls do not directly affect speed.
- Option D is incorrect as data storage is handled by servers or storage devices.
Relevance for Exams: Network security concepts like firewalls and encryption are tested.
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MCQ 10: Computer NetworkingQuestion: Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Bus
B) Ring
C) Star
D) Mesh Correct Answer: C) Star Explanation:
In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, allowing efficient communication and easy troubleshooting.
- Option A (Bus) is incorrect as it uses a single cable to connect all devices.
- Option B (Ring) is incorrect as devices form a circular connection.
- Option D (Mesh) is incorrect as devices are interconnected directly.
Relevance for Exams: Network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh) are a key topic in networking.
MCQ 1Question: What is the full form of ROM?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Read Only Memory
B) Random Output Memory
C) Read Output Module
D) Random Operating Memory Correct Answer: A) Read Only Memory
Explanation: ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that stores firmware or software instructions that are not meant to be modified. It retains data even when the computer is powered off.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are fabricated terms not used in computing.
Relevance: Full forms of memory types are frequently tested.
MCQ 2Question: Which of the following is an input device?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Monitor
B) Printer
C) Keyboard
D) Speaker Correct Answer: C) Keyboard
Explanation: A keyboard is an input device that allows users to input data into a computer.
- Option A (Monitor) and D (Speaker) are output devices.
- Option B (Printer) is also an output device.
Relevance: Questions on input/output devices are common.
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MCQ 3Question: What does the term “byte” represent?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) A single binary digit
B) 8 bits
C) 1024 bits
D) 4 bits Correct Answer: B) 8 bits
Explanation: A byte is a unit of digital information consisting of 8 bits. A bit is the smallest unit (0 or 1).
- Option A refers to a bit, C is incorrect as 1024 bits is a kilobit, and D refers to a nibble.
Relevance: Data units (bit, byte, KB) are a key exam topic.
MCQ 4Question: Which component is known as the “brain” of the computer?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) RAM
B) CPU
C) Hard Disk
D) Motherboard Correct Answer: B) CPU
Explanation: The CPU (Central Processing Unit) processes instructions from programs, earning it the title “brain” of the computer.
- Option A (RAM) stores data temporarily, C (Hard Disk) stores data permanently, and D (Motherboard) connects components.
Relevance: CPU-related questions are a staple in exams.
MCQ 5Question: Which of the following is a secondary storage device?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) RAM
B) Cache Memory
C) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
D) Register Correct Answer: C) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Explanation: HDD is a secondary storage device used for long-term data storage, unlike RAM, cache, or registers, which are primary memory types.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they are volatile and part of primary memory.
Relevance: Memory hierarchy questions are common.
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MCQ 6Question: What is the full form of GUI?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Graphical User Interface
B) General Utility Interface
C) Global User Integration
D) Graphical Utility Interaction Correct Answer: A) Graphical User Interface
Explanation: GUI allows users to interact with computers through visual elements like icons and windows (e.g., Windows OS).
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard computing terms.
Relevance: Full forms like GUI are often tested.
MCQ 7Question: Which number system is used by computers to process data?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Decimal
B) Binary
C) Octal
D) Hexadecimal Correct Answer: B) Binary
Explanation: Computers use the binary number system (0s and 1s) to process and store data, as it aligns with their electronic circuits.
- Option A, C, D: Used in specific contexts but not for core processing.
Relevance: Number systems are a key exam topic.
MCQ 8Question: What is the primary function of an ALU?
A) Store data
B) Perform arithmetic and logical operations
C) Manage memory allocation
D) Control input/output devices Correct Answer: B) Perform arithmetic and logical operations
Explanation: The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), a part of the CPU, handles arithmetic (e.g., addition) and logical operations (e.g., comparisons).
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as these are functions of other components.
Relevance: CPU components like ALU and Control Unit are tested.
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MCQ 9Question: Which of the following is NOT a type of computer?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Mainframe
B) Supercomputer
C) Microchip
D) Personal Computer Correct Answer: C) Microchip
Explanation: A microchip is a component (integrated circuit) used in computers, not a type of computer. Mainframes, supercomputers, and PCs are computer types.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they are valid computer types.
Relevance: Questions on computer types are common.
MCQ 10Question: What does SSD stand for in the context of computer storage?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Solid State Drive
B) System Storage Device
C) Serial Storage Disk
D) Standard System Drive Correct Answer: A) Solid State Drive
Explanation: An SSD (Solid State Drive) is a secondary storage device that uses flash memory, offering faster performance than traditional HDDs.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: SSD vs. HDD questions are increasingly relevant.
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MCQ 11Question: Which of the following is a mobile operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Ubuntu
B) Android
C) Windows XP
D) Fedora Correct Answer: B) Android
Explanation: Android is a mobile OS developed by Google, used in smartphones and tablets.
- Option A, D: Linux distributions for desktops/servers.
- Option C: A desktop OS, not mobile.
Relevance: OS types are frequently tested.
MCQ 12Question: What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Manages user interface
B) Acts as the core to manage hardware and software
C) Creates application software
D) Stores user data Correct Answer: B) Acts as the core to manage hardware and software
Explanation: The kernel is the core of an OS, managing hardware, memory, processes, and communication between software and hardware.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as these are not kernel functions.
Relevance: Kernel-related questions test OS fundamentals.
MCQ 13Question: Which Windows command is used to copy files?
A) dir
B) copy
C) del
D) ren Correct Answer: B) copy
Explanation: The copy command in Windows is used to copy files from one location to another.
- Option A (dir) lists files, C (del) deletes files, and D (ren) renames files.
Relevance: Command-line questions are common.
MCQ 14Question: Which of the following is a multi-user operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) MS-DOS
B) Windows 7
C) Linux
D) Windows XP Correct Answer: C) Linux
Explanation: Linux is a multi-user OS, allowing multiple users to work simultaneously, especially in server environments.
- Option A, B, D: Primarily single-user or limited multi-user OS.
Relevance: OS capabilities are tested.
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MCQ 15Question: What does CLI stand for in operating systems?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Common Language Interface
B) Command Line Interface
C) Central Logic Interface
D) Control Line Interaction Correct Answer: B) Command Line Interface
Explanation: CLI allows users to interact with the OS using text-based commands (e.g., Linux terminal, Windows Command Prompt).
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: CLI vs. GUI questions are common.
MCQ 16Question: Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Process management
B) File management
C) Virus creation
D) Device management Correct Answer: C) Virus creation
Explanation: An OS manages processes, files, memory, and devices but does not create viruses.
- Option A, B, D: Valid OS functions.
Relevance: OS functions are a key topic.
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MCQ 17Question: Which Linux command is used to change directories?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) ls
B) cd
C) mv
D) rm Correct Answer: B) cd
Explanation: The cd (change directory) command in Linux navigates between directories.
- Option A lists files, C moves files, and D deletes files.
Relevance: Linux commands are tested in technical sections.
MCQ 18Question: Which operating system is developed by Apple Inc.?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Windows
B) macOS
C) Linux
D) Android Correct Answer: B) macOS
Explanation: macOS is the operating system for Apple’s Mac computers.
- Option A, C, D: Developed by Microsoft, open-source communities, and Google, respectively.
Relevance: OS developers are a common question type.
MCQ 19Question: What is the purpose of a device driver in an operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) To design software
B) To manage hardware communication
C) To create databases
D) To browse the Internet Correct Answer: B) To manage hardware communication
Explanation: A device driver is software that allows the OS to communicate with hardware devices like printers or keyboards.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are unrelated to drivers.
Relevance: Device drivers are a frequent topic.
MCQ 20Question: Which of the following is a single-user operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Linux
B) Unix
C) MS-DOS
D) macOS Correct Answer: C) MS-DOS
Explanation: MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking OS, unlike Linux, Unix, or macOS, which support multiple users.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they are multi-user OS.
Relevance: OS types are tested.
MCQ 21Question: What does DNS stand for in networking?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Domain Name System
B) Digital Network Service
C) Data Name Server
D) Dynamic Network System Correct Answer: A) Domain Name System
Explanation: DNS translates domain names (e.g., www.google.com) into IP addresses for Internet communication.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: DNS is a common exam topic.
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MCQ 22Question: Which protocol is used for secure file transfer?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SFTP
D) SMTP Correct Answer: C) SFTP
Explanation: SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) uses encryption to securely transfer files.
- Option A (HTTP) is for web browsing, B (FTP) is unsecured, and D (SMTP) is for email.
Relevance: Secure protocols are increasingly tested.
MCQ 23Question: Which device converts digital signals to analog for Internet connectivity?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Router
B) Switch
C) Modem
D) Hub Correct Answer: C) Modem
Explanation: A modem converts digital signals to analog (and vice versa) to connect a network to an ISP.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they handle network traffic, not signal conversion.
Relevance: Networking devices are frequently tested.
MCQ 24Question: What is the full form of WAN?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Wide Area Network
B) Wireless Access Network
C) Work Area Network
D) Web Access Node Correct Answer: A) Wide Area Network
Explanation: WAN connects devices over large geographical areas, like the Internet.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: Network types are a key topic.
MCQ 25Question: Which of the following is a wireless networking standard?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Ethernet
B) Wi-Fi
C) DSL
D) Fiber Optic Correct Answer: B) Wi-Fi
Explanation: Wi-Fi is a wireless networking standard (IEEE 802.11) for connecting devices without cables.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are wired technologies.
Relevance: Wireless vs. wired networking is tested.
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MCQ 26Question: What is the purpose of an IP address?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) To identify a device on a network
B) To encrypt data
C) To create web pages
D) To manage email servers Correct Answer: A) To identify a device on a network
Explanation: An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network for communication.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are unrelated to IP addresses.
Relevance: IP addressing is a core networking concept.
MCQ 27Question: Which topology has all devices directly connected to each other?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Star
B) Bus
C) Mesh
D) Ring Correct Answer: C) Mesh
Explanation: In a mesh topology, all devices are interconnected, providing high redundancy.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they use different connection patterns.
Relevance: Network topologies are frequently tested.
MCQ 28Question: Which protocol is used for retrieving emails from a server?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) SMTP
B) POP3
C) FTP
D) HTTP Correct Answer: B) POP3
Explanation: POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) is used to retrieve emails from a server to a client.
- Option A (SMTP) sends emails, C (FTP) transfers files, and D (HTTP) is for web browsing.
Relevance: Email protocols are common in exams.
MCQ 29Question: What is the primary function of a router?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Connect devices within a LAN
B) Direct data between networks
C) Store network data
D) Protect against viruses Correct Answer: B) Direct data between networks
Explanation: A router directs data packets between different networks, such as a LAN to the Internet.
- Option A (Switch), C (Server), and D (Firewall) are incorrect.
Relevance: Router vs. switch questions are common.
MCQ 30Question: Which of the following is a network security measure?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Encryption
B) Bandwidth
C) Topology
D) Protocol Correct Answer: A) Encryption
Explanation: Encryption secures data by converting it into an unreadable format to prevent unauthorized access.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they relate to network performance or structure, not security.
Relevance: Network security is a growing exam topic.
MCQ 11Question: Which of the following is a mobile operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Ubuntu
B) Android
C) Windows XP
D) Fedora Correct Answer: B) Android
Explanation: Android is a mobile OS developed by Google, used in smartphones and tablets.
- Option A, D: Linux distributions for desktops/servers.
- Option C: A desktop OS, not mobile.
Relevance: OS types are frequently tested.
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MCQ 12Question: What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?(psssb naib tehsildar book and test series)
A) Manages user interface
B) Acts as the core to manage hardware and software
C) Creates application software
D) Stores user data Correct Answer: B) Acts as the core to manage hardware and software
Explanation: The kernel is the core of an OS, managing hardware, memory, processes, and communication between software and hardware.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as these are not kernel functions.
Relevance: Kernel-related questions test OS fundamentals.
MCQ 13Question: Which Windows command is used to copy files?
A) dir
B) copy
C) del
D) ren Correct Answer: B) copy
Explanation: The copy command in Windows is used to copy files from one location to another.
- Option A (dir) lists files, C (del) deletes files, and D (ren) renames files.
Relevance: Command-line questions are common.
MCQ 14Question: Which of the following is a multi-user operating system?
A) MS-DOS
B) Windows 7
C) Linux
D) Windows XP Correct Answer: C) Linux
Explanation: Linux is a multi-user OS, allowing multiple users to work simultaneously, especially in server environments.
- Option A, B, D: Primarily single-user or limited multi-user OS.
Relevance: OS capabilities are tested.
MCQ 15Question: What does CLI stand for in operating systems?
A) Common Language Interface
B) Command Line Interface
C) Central Logic Interface
D) Control Line Interaction Correct Answer: B) Command Line Interface
Explanation: CLI allows users to interact with the OS using text-based commands (e.g., Linux terminal, Windows Command Prompt).
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: CLI vs. GUI questions are common.
MCQ 16Question: Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?
A) Process management
B) File management
C) Virus creation
D) Device management Correct Answer: C) Virus creation
Explanation: An OS manages processes, files, memory, and devices but does not create viruses.
- Option A, B, D: Valid OS functions.
Relevance: OS functions are a key topic.
MCQ 17Question: Which Linux command is used to change directories?
A) ls
B) cd
C) mv
D) rm Correct Answer: B) cd
Explanation: The cd (change directory) command in Linux navigates between directories.
- Option A lists files, C moves files, and D deletes files.
Relevance: Linux commands are tested in technical sections.
MCQ 18Question: Which operating system is developed by Apple Inc.?
A) Windows
B) macOS
C) Linux
D) Android Correct Answer: B) macOS
Explanation: macOS is the operating system for Apple’s Mac computers.
- Option A, C, D: Developed by Microsoft, open-source communities, and Google, respectively.
Relevance: OS developers are a common question type.
MCQ 19Question: What is the purpose of a device driver in an operating system?
A) To design software
B) To manage hardware communication
C) To create databases
D) To browse the Internet Correct Answer: B) To manage hardware communication
Explanation: A device driver is software that allows the OS to communicate with hardware devices like printers or keyboards.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are unrelated to drivers.
Relevance: Device drivers are a frequent topic.
MCQ 20Question: Which of the following is a single-user operating system?
A) Linux
B) Unix
C) MS-DOS
D) macOS Correct Answer: C) MS-DOS
Explanation: MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking OS, unlike Linux, Unix, or macOS, which support multiple users.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they are multi-user OS.
Relevance: OS types are tested.
Internet and Networking (10 MCQs)MCQ 21Question: What does DNS stand for in networking?
A) Domain Name System
B) Digital Network Service
C) Data Name Server
D) Dynamic Network System Correct Answer: A) Domain Name System
Explanation: DNS translates domain names (e.g., www.google.com) into IP addresses for Internet communication.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: DNS is a common exam topic.
MCQ 22Question: Which protocol is used for secure file transfer?
A) HTTP
B) FTP
C) SFTP
D) SMTP Correct Answer: C) SFTP
Explanation: SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) uses encryption to securely transfer files.
- Option A (HTTP) is for web browsing, B (FTP) is unsecured, and D (SMTP) is for email.
Relevance: Secure protocols are increasingly tested.
MCQ 23Question: Which device converts digital signals to analog for Internet connectivity?
A) Router
B) Switch
C) Modem
D) Hub Correct Answer: C) Modem
Explanation: A modem converts digital signals to analog (and vice versa) to connect a network to an ISP.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they handle network traffic, not signal conversion.
Relevance: Networking devices are frequently tested.
MCQ 24Question: What is the full form of WAN?
A) Wide Area Network
B) Wireless Access Network
C) Work Area Network
D) Web Access Node Correct Answer: A) Wide Area Network
Explanation: WAN connects devices over large geographical areas, like the Internet.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: Network types are a key topic.
MCQ 25Question: Which of the following is a wireless networking standard?
A) Ethernet
B) Wi-Fi
C) DSL
D) Fiber Optic Correct Answer: B) Wi-Fi
Explanation: Wi-Fi is a wireless networking standard (IEEE 802.11) for connecting devices without cables.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are wired technologies.
Relevance: Wireless vs. wired networking is tested.
MCQ 26Question: What is the purpose of an IP address?
A) To identify a device on a network
B) To encrypt data
C) To create web pages
D) To manage email servers Correct Answer: A) To identify a device on a network
Explanation: An IP address uniquely identifies a device on a network for communication.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are unrelated to IP addresses.
Relevance: IP addressing is a core networking concept.
MCQ 27Question: Which topology has all devices directly connected to each other?
A) Star
B) Bus
C) Mesh
D) Ring Correct Answer: C) Mesh
Explanation: In a mesh topology, all devices are interconnected, providing high redundancy.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they use different connection patterns.
Relevance: Network topologies are frequently tested.
MCQ 28Question: Which protocol is used for retrieving emails from a server?
A) SMTP
B) POP3
C) FTP
D) HTTP Correct Answer: B) POP3
Explanation: POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) is used to retrieve emails from a server to a client.
- Option A (SMTP) sends emails, C (FTP) transfers files, and D (HTTP) is for web browsing.
Relevance: Email protocols are common in exams.
MCQ 29Question: What is the primary function of a router?
A) Connect devices within a LAN
B) Direct data between networks
C) Store network data
D) Protect against viruses Correct Answer: B) Direct data between networks
Explanation: A router directs data packets between different networks, such as a LAN to the Internet.
- Option A (Switch), C (Server), and D (Firewall) are incorrect.
Relevance: Router vs. switch questions are common.
MCQ 30Question: Which of the following is a network security measure?
A) Encryption
B) Bandwidth
C) Topology
D) Protocol Correct Answer: A) Encryption
Explanation: Encryption secures data by converting it into an unreadable format to prevent unauthorized access.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they relate to network performance or structure, not security.
Relevance: Network security is a growing exam topic.
MCQ 1Question: What is the function of the Control Unit in a CPU?
A) Performs arithmetic calculations
B) Stores temporary data
C) Directs the operation of the processor
D) Manages external devices Correct Answer: C) Directs the operation of the processor
Explanation: The Control Unit (CU) in the CPU coordinates and directs the execution of instructions by fetching, decoding, and executing commands from memory.
- Option A is incorrect as arithmetic calculations are handled by the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit).
- Option B is incorrect as data storage is managed by memory (e.g., RAM).
- Option D is incorrect as device management is handled by the OS and drivers.
Relevance: CPU components (ALU, CU) are frequently tested.
MCQ 2Question: Which of the following is an example of application software?
A) Windows 10
B) Linux Kernel
C) Microsoft Word
D) Device Driver Correct Answer: C) Microsoft Word
Explanation: Application software performs specific tasks for users, such as word processing (e.g., Microsoft Word).
- Option A and B are system software (OS components).
- Option D is a driver, part of system software.
Relevance: Distinguishing between system and application software is common.
MCQ 3Question: What does the term “cache memory” refer to?
A) Permanent storage for files
B) High-speed memory between CPU and RAM
C) Memory for storing OS files
D) External storage device Correct Answer: B) High-speed memory between CPU and RAM
Explanation: Cache memory is a small, fast memory located close to the CPU to store frequently accessed data, reducing access time compared to RAM.
- Option A refers to secondary storage, C is incorrect as OS files are stored in secondary memory, and D refers to devices like USB drives.
Relevance: Memory hierarchy questions are key.
MCQ 4Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary memory?
A) Volatile and fast
B) Non-volatile and slower than primary memory
C) Temporary storage for CPU
D) Located inside the CPU Correct Answer: B) Non-volatile and slower than primary memory
Explanation: Secondary memory (e.g., HDD, SSD) is non-volatile, retaining data without power, and slower than primary memory (RAM, cache).
- Option A describes primary memory, C refers to registers/cache, and D is incorrect as secondary memory is external to the CPU.
Relevance: Memory types are heavily tested.
MCQ 5Question: What is the full form of BIOS?
A) Basic Input/Output System
B) Binary Input/Output Service
C) Basic Internal Operating System
D) Binary Instruction Operating Software Correct Answer: A) Basic Input/Output System
Explanation: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware that initializes hardware during the boot process and provides basic communication between the OS and hardware.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: Full forms like BIOS are common in exams.
MCQ 6Question: Which of the following is a high-speed storage device?
A) CD-ROM
B) Floppy Disk
C) Solid State Drive (SSD)
D) Magnetic Tape Correct Answer: C) Solid State Drive (SSD)
Explanation: SSDs use flash memory, offering faster data access than traditional storage like CD-ROM, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they are slower storage technologies.
Relevance: Storage devices and their characteristics are tested.
MCQ 7Question: What is the purpose of an operating system’s file system?
A) To manage hardware drivers
B) To organize and store files on a disk
C) To execute programs
D) To connect to the Internet Correct Answer: B) To organize and store files on a disk
Explanation: A file system (e.g., NTFS, FAT32) organizes, stores, and retrieves files on storage devices.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they describe other OS or network functions.
Relevance: File systems are a common topic.
MCQ 8Question: Which of the following is a 16-bit number system used in computing?
A) Binary
B) Decimal
C) Hexadecimal
D) Octal Correct Answer: C) Hexadecimal
Explanation: Hexadecimal is a 16-bit number system (0-9, A-F) used to represent binary data compactly, especially in programming and memory addressing.
- Option A (2-bit), B (10-bit), and D (8-bit) are incorrect.
Relevance: Number systems are frequently tested.
MCQ 9Question: Which component connects all hardware devices in a computer?
A) CPU
B) Motherboard
C) RAM
D) Power Supply Correct Answer: B) Motherboard
Explanation: The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all hardware components, including the CPU, RAM, and storage devices.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they have specific roles, not connectivity.
Relevance: Hardware components are a key topic.
MCQ 10Question: What does the term “bit rate” refer to in computing?
A) Number of bits processed per second
B) Size of a byte in memory
C) Speed of the CPU
D) Storage capacity of a disk Correct Answer: A) Number of bits processed per second
Explanation: Bit rate measures the number of bits transmitted or processed per second, often used in data communication or multimedia.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they describe different concepts.
Relevance: Data transfer terms are occasionally tested.
Operating Systems (10 MCQs)MCQ 11Question: Which of the following is a real-time operating system?
A) Windows 11
B) RTOS
C) Ubuntu
D) macOS Correct Answer: B) RTOS
Explanation: RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) is designed for applications requiring immediate processing, like embedded systems.
- Option A, C, D: General-purpose OS, not real-time.
Relevance: OS types are tested in advanced sections.
MCQ 12Question: Which Linux command removes a file?
A) mv
B) rm
C) cp
D) ls Correct Answer: B) rm
Explanation: The rm (remove) command in Linux deletes files or directories.
- Option A moves files, C copies files, and D lists files.
Relevance: Linux commands are common in technical exams.
MCQ 13Question: What is the primary function of virtual memory in an OS?
A) Increases physical RAM size
B) Allows programs to use more memory than physically available
C) Stores permanent data
D) Manages hardware drivers Correct Answer: B) Allows programs to use more memory than physically available
Explanation: Virtual memory uses a portion of the hard disk as an extension of RAM, allowing programs to run even if physical RAM is limited.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they misrepresent virtual memory’s role.
Relevance: Virtual memory is a key OS concept.
MCQ 14Question: Which of the following is a proprietary operating system?
A) Linux
B) Unix
C) Windows 10
D) Ubuntu Correct Answer: C) Windows 10
Explanation: Windows 10 is a proprietary OS developed by Microsoft, with restricted source code access.
- Option A, D: Linux and Ubuntu are open-source.
- Option B: Unix can be proprietary or open-source, depending on the version.
Relevance: Proprietary vs. open-source OS is tested.
MCQ 15Question: Which Windows command renames a file?
A) del
B) ren
C) copy
D) dir Correct Answer: B) ren
Explanation: The ren (rename) command in Windows changes the name of a file or directory.
- Option A deletes files, C copies files, and D lists files.
Relevance: Windows commands are frequently tested.
MCQ 16Question: What is multitasking in an operating system?
A) Running a single program at a time
B) Running multiple programs simultaneously
C) Managing hardware devices
D) Storing files on disk Correct Answer: B) Running multiple programs simultaneously
Explanation: Multitasking allows an OS to execute multiple programs concurrently by sharing CPU time.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they describe other concepts.
Relevance: OS features like multitasking are common.
MCQ 17Question: Which of the following is a Linux distribution?
A) Windows XP
B) CentOS
C) macOS
D) MS-DOS Correct Answer: B) CentOS
Explanation: CentOS is a Linux distribution, a free, open-source OS based on Linux.
- Option A, C, D: Non-Linux OS.
Relevance: Linux distributions are tested in technical sections.
MCQ 18Question: What does the term “booting” refer to in computing?
A) Shutting down a computer
B) Starting a computer and loading the OS
C) Installing software
D) Connecting to a network Correct Answer: B) Starting a computer and loading the OS
Explanation: Booting is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they describe different processes.
Relevance: Booting is a fundamental concept.
MCQ 19Question: Which OS feature allows multiple users to work simultaneously?
A) Multi-threading
B) Multi-user
C) Multi-processing
D) Multi-tasking Correct Answer: B) Multi-user
Explanation: A multi-user OS allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously, common in Linux and Unix.
- Option A, C, D: Related to program execution, not user access.
Relevance: OS features are tested.
MCQ 20Question: Which of the following is a system software?
A) Microsoft Excel
B) Windows Defender
C) Adobe Photoshop
D) Google Chrome Correct Answer: B) Windows Defender
Explanation: Windows Defender is system software that provides security and interacts with the OS.
- Option A, C, D: Application software for specific tasks.
Relevance: System vs. application software is common.
Internet and Networking (10 MCQs)MCQ 21Question: What does the term “bandwidth” refer to in networking?
A) Physical size of a network
B) Amount of data transmitted per second
C) Number of devices in a network
D) Type of network topology Correct Answer: B) Amount of data transmitted per second
Explanation: Bandwidth measures the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given time, typically in bits per second (bps).
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they describe other concepts.
Relevance: Bandwidth is a key networking term.
MCQ 22Question: Which protocol is used for web browsing?
A) FTP
B) HTTP
C) SMTP
D) POP3 Correct Answer: B) HTTP
Explanation: HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring web pages between a browser and a server.
- Option A transfers files, C sends emails, and D retrieves emails.
Relevance: Internet protocols are frequently tested.
MCQ 23Question: What is a LAN’s typical geographical coverage?
A) A city
B) A country
C) A small area like an office
D) A personal device range Correct Answer: C) A small area like an office
Explanation: A LAN (Local Area Network) covers a small area, such as an office or building.
- Option A (MAN), B (WAN), and D (PAN) are incorrect.
Relevance: Network types are a core topic.
MCQ 24Question: Which device broadcasts data to all connected devices?
A) Switch
B) Router
C) Hub
D) Modem Correct Answer: C) Hub
Explanation: A hub broadcasts data to all devices in a network, unlike a switch, which sends data only to the intended device.
- Option A, B, D: Incorrect as they have different functions.
Relevance: Networking devices are common.
MCQ 25Question: What does the term “VPN” stand for?
A) Virtual Private Network
B) Variable Public Network
C) Virtual Protocol Node
D) Visual Private Node Correct Answer: A) Virtual Private Network
Explanation: A VPN creates a secure, encrypted connection over the Internet, protecting data privacy.
- Option B, C, D: Incorrect as they are not standard terms.
Relevance: VPNs are tested in security sections.
MCQ 26Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of IPv4?
A) 128-bit address
B) 32-bit address
C) Unlimited addresses
D) Uses hexadecimal only Correct Answer: B) 32-bit address
Explanation: IPv4 uses a 32-bit address (e.g., 192.168.1.1), supporting about 4.3 billion unique addresses.
- Option A is IPv6, C is incorrect as IPv4 is limited, and D is incorrect as IPv4 uses decimal notation.
Relevance: IPv4 vs. IPv6 is a key topic.
MCQ 27Question: Which network topology uses a single cable to connect all devices?
A) Star
B) Bus
C) Ring
D) Mesh Correct Answer: B) Bus
Explanation: In a bus topology, all devices share a single communication cable.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they use different connection patterns.
Relevance: Topologies are frequently tested.
MCQ 28Question: What is the role of a proxy server in networking?
A) Stores web pages
B) Acts as an intermediary between client and server
C) Converts digital signals to analog
D) Manages IP addresses Correct Answer: B) Acts as an intermediary between client and server
Explanation: A proxy server handles requests between a client and a server, often for security or caching purposes.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they describe other devices or functions.
Relevance: Proxy servers are tested in security sections.
MCQ 29Question: Which of the following is an example of a web browser?
A) Notepad
B) Firefox
C) File Explorer
D) Command Prompt Correct Answer: B) Firefox
Explanation: Firefox is a web browser used to access the Internet.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they are not browsers.
Relevance: Web browsers are a common topic.
MCQ 30Question: What is phishing in the context of network security?
A) Encrypting data
B) Stealing data through fraudulent emails or websites
C) Increasing network speed
D) Managing network traffic Correct Answer: B) Stealing data through fraudulent emails or websites
Explanation: Phishing is a cyberattack where attackers use fake emails or websites to trick users into revealing sensitive information.
- Option A, C, D: Incorrect as they describe unrelated concepts.
Relevance: Cybersecurity terms are increasingly tested.